中国发展新蓝图，为何空前强调高质量发展？******
(中共二十大·观察)中国发展新蓝图，为何空前强调高质量发展？
中新社北京10月17日电 (记者 李晓喻)中共二十大报告描绘了未来5年乃至更长时期中国发展的蓝图。其中，高质量发展被视为浓墨重彩的一笔。
在5年前十九大报告提出中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段后，二十大报告进一步将高质量发展列为全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，将高质量发展的重要性提升到前所未有的高度。
中国国际经济交流中心总经济师陈文玲接受中新社记者采访时称，高质量发展是中国经济迈向下一个历史性跃升的必然要求。如今，中国经济总量已增长到114万亿元人民币，稳居全球第二大经济体，但人均国内生产总值仍然相对落后。只有通过高质量发展，中国才能将经济增长的潜力转化为具体可感的红利，将量的积累转化为质的提升。
在陈文玲看来，高质量发展也是实现中国式现代化的必由之路。既然中国式现代化以全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路为圭臬，就必须且只能把高质量发展作为唯一可行的选择。没有高质量发展，中国式现代化就没有基础和支撑，中国也很难在世界百年变局加速演进、大国博弈升温之际占据主动。
针对何为高质量发展，习近平此前曾作出解释：高质量发展，就是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。
分析人士认为，高质量发展成为最重要“指挥棒”，将对中国经济大棋局产生深远影响，一系列新变化将接踵而至。
今后，众多新的“坐标系”料将浮出水面。中国社科院经济研究所研究员胡怀国表示，在高质量发展要求下，推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革预计将成为中国今后一个时期制定经济政策、实施宏观调控的根本要求，相应的指标体系、政策体系、标准体系、统计体系、绩效评价和政绩考核体系都将加快出炉。
今后，全国统一大市场建设料将提速。二十大报告专门提及，要增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。
中国商务部原副部长魏建国对记者称，眼下中国不少地方仍存在保护主义、“画地为牢”等倾向，导致要素资源在全国范围内流通不畅，不仅损害国内大循环健康发展，也影响其可靠性。预计今后中国将以更大力度破除各类市场隐性障碍和地域分割，打通制约经济循环的关键堵点，加快建设全国统一大市场，以满足高质量发展的需要。
今后，中国料将在培育高质量市场主体上加大投入。据官方数据，截至2021年底中国市场主体总量已达1.54亿户，但对行业有重要影响的“头部企业”不多；中国企业在世界500强中的席位近年来明显增多，但竞争力、全球资源配置能力与美欧同行相比仍有不小差距。
陈文玲表示，总体上看，当前中国企业仍处在全球产业链供应链格局的中下游，这与经济向高质量发展并不相符。只有抓紧培育一批高质量市场主体，高质量发展才有依托。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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